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碱面和酒精反应吗
更新时间： 2020-11-09 00:00:00  

1、乙醇中羟基的氢具有微弱的酸性,但只有同极强的碱才能显著的反应.

2、乙醇分子中含有极化的氧氢键,电离时生成烷氧基负离子和质子.CH3CH2OH→（可逆）CH3CH2O-+H+乙醇的pKa=15.9,与水相近.乙醇的酸性很弱

3、但是电离平衡的存在足以使它与重水之间的同位素交换迅速进行.CH3CH2OH+D2O→（可逆）CH3CH2OD+HOD因为乙醇可以电离出极少量的氢离子

4、所以其只能与少量金属（主要是碱金属）反应生成对应的醇金属以及氢气：2CH3CH2OH+2Na→2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑醇金属遇水则迅速水解生成醇和碱

关键词： 酒精 反应

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